Mitocholine A Healthy Brain for Life

The brain, although only about 2% of body weight, is the most energy-consuming organ, using 20% of all energy in the body. It requires a constant uninterrupted supply of “fuel” or ATP (adenosine triphosphate production). This is most important as we age, when the functioning of intracellular energy generating machinery, known as mitochondria, starts to decline. This starts from the age of 45 and progresses dramatically in neurodegenerative disorders.

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Brain Energy Gap

 

Source: Brain energy rescue: an emerging therapeutic concept for neurodegenerative disorders of ageing (Stephen C. Cunnane, Eugenia Trushina, […]Mark J. Millan Nature Reviews Drug Discovery volume)

Mitochondria are present within every cell of our body, often named as intracellular power producing factories. They generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is a major molecule that transports chemical energy within the cell, fuelling cellular processes. Mitochondria produce about 90% of the chemical energy that cells require for survival. Mitochondria functions in a similar way to the digestive system, which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy rich molecules for the cell.

 

Mitochondria in the human body form an interconnected web.

Mitochondria are central regulatory sensors for the intracellular energy supply and demand for the body metabolism.

“Metabolism” brings together all chemical reactions and molecular interactions that keeps our body alive and functional.

Mitochondria represent an adaptive responsive system for the cellular and tissue energetic demands.

Healthy mitochondrial function is fundamental for healthy cognition. The brain requires the constant uninterrupted supply of “fuel” or ATP and this becomes more important in stressful situations and as we age, when the mitochondrial function starts to decline. Brain mitochondria from the elderly people are characterised by the decreased ATP production and reduced levels of NAD+ which is central signalling enzyme and co-substrate involved in cellular energy metabolism and energy production. Chemical molecules that are utilised for the cellular energy creation are known as mitochondrial substrates.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a sign of aging with research linking it to neurodegenerative diseases. Since mitochondrial function has been identified as crucial for health and longevity, interest in the study of bioenergetics (how cells produce energy), and particularly in the development of new therapies and ways to keep the mitochondria healthy and fully functional, has increased. If your mitochondria are not functioning at their best, neither will you. It is most important as you age, when mitochondrial function starts to decline. Demanding conditions of modern everyday life are draining the brain of energy reserves, thus making people vulnerable and susceptible to stress and mental fatigue, which in turn leads to brain related dysfunctions.

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